A high-powered group of policymakers, think tankers and thought leaders met at the High-Level Working Dinner on the App Economy: Tomorrow’s Frontier to discuss two powerful conceptual paradigms that have fundamentally transformed the software industry – open source and modular platforms – and how to balance these forces to enable a stable market for apps and app development. Christopher Yoo, director of the Centre for Technology, Innovation and Competition at the University of Pennsylvania Law School, kicked off the discussion with a passionate, forward-looking presentation, highlighting findings of his newest paper Open Source, Modular Platforms and the Challenge of Fragmentation.